[Chicago format] Ancient Music References

This is a list of references realted to ancient music cited throughout Flutopedia. These references have only tangential relationship to the Native American flute, but I've found them interesting when researching the earliest origins of music.

The references on this page are a sub-set of the complete list of Flutopedia references.

For information on the format and other details of these citations, see the main references page.

[Chicago format] Ancient Music References

[Abraham-RH 2006] Abraham, Ralph H., and Thompson, William Irwin. 2006. “The Canon of Lespugue”, The Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers (ESOP), Volume 24, 170–175.

[Anderson-R 2005] Anderson, Robert, Castelo-Branco, Salwa El-Shawan, and Danielson, Virginia. 2005. Egypt, Ancient Music.

[Anderson-RD 1976] Anderson, R. D.; Huxtable, Grace (drawings). 1976. Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in the British Museum, Volume 3: Musical Instruments, Illustrated Edition. British Museum Publications Limited, ISBN 0-7141-0919-3 (978-0-7141-0919-0).

[Andreopoulou 2008] Andreopoulou, Areti. 2008. Modeling the Greek Aulos, Master of Music in Music Technology – The Steinhardt School, New York University.

[Aristoxenus 1902] Aristoxenus; Macran, Henry Stewart (editor). 1902. Aristoxenou Harmonika Stoicheia «The Harmonics of Aristoxenus». Clarendon Press.

[Arroyo 2003] Arroyo, Rafael Pérez, and Bonet, Syra. 2003. Music in the Age of the Pyramids, English Edition. Madrid, Spain: Editorial Centro de Estudios Egipcios, ISBN 84-932796-1-7.

[Arroyo 2006] Arroyo, Rafael Pérez, and Bonet, Syra. 2006. Music in the Age of the Pyramids, Natural Acoustic Recordings, NAR-0010-01, with booklet in English and Spanish. NAR-0010-02, with booklet in French and German.

[Badawi 1960] Badawi, Ahmad (supervision); Mokhtar, Mohamed Gamal el-Din, and Tanbuli, Muhammad 'Abd al-Latif (text); el-Ghazouli, Aly Hassan, Abdel-Rahman, Abdel-Badie, and el-Gabouri, Ahmad (photographs). 1960. Dresses in Ancient Egypt «Le costume dans l'Egypte ancienne / al-Azya fi Misr al-qadimah». Le Caire: Centre de documentation sur l'ancienne Egypte, in English, French, and Arabic. Publication dressesinancient00bada on Archive.org (open access).

[Baines 1993] Baines, John. 1993. “Symbolic Roles of Canine Figures on Early Monuments”, Archéo-Nil, 57–74.

[Bard 2007] Bard, Kathryn A. 2007. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Blackwell Publishing, ISBN-13 978-1-4051-1148-5.

[Barnett-RD 1976] Barnett, Richard David. 1976. Sculptures from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh (668–627 B.C.). London: British Museum Press, ISBN 0-7141-1046-9 (978-0-7141-1046-2).

[Barnett-RD 1982] Barnett, Richard David. 1982. Ancient Ivories in the Middle East and Adjacent Countries, Volume 14 of Qedem: Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology. Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

[Barone 1960] Barone, Joseph A. 1960. “Patterns in Music”, Expedition, Volume 3, Number 1, 29–31.

[Barton 1915] Barton, George A. 1915. Sumerian Business and Administrative Documents from the Earliest Times to the Dynasty fo Agade, Publications of the Babylonian Section, Volume 9, Number 1. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.

[Beyhom 2008] Beyhom, Amine. 2008. “A New Hypothesis for the Elaboration of Heptatonic Scales and Consequences in Understanding their Origins”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2008), The British Museum, London, December 4–6, 2008, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 151–209.

[Bhayro 2008] Bhayro, Siam. 2008. “Ancient Near Eastern and Early Jewish Lyre Traditions”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2008), The British Museum, London, December 4–6, 2008, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 77–82.

[Bhayro 2010] Bhayro, Siam. 2010. “On the Manipulation of the Planets by the Lyre Player in a 'Wine Song' by Khamis Bar Qardahe”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2009-2010), Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, and Senate House, School of Musical Research, University of London, November 2009 and December 2010, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 41–44, ISBN-13 978-1-4632-0182-1.

[Brenner 2001] Brenner, Athalya. A Feminist Companion to Exodus-Deuteronomy.

[Bromiley 1986] Bromiley, Geoffrey W. 1986. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Illustrated in Four Volumes, Revised Edition. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Reissued in [Bromiley 2007].

[Bromiley 2007] Bromiley, Geoffrey W. 2007. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Illustrated Edition. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., ISBN 0-8028-3785-9 (978-0-8028-3785-1). Reissue of [Bromiley 1986].

[Brown-JP 2001] Brown, John Pairman. 2001. Israel and Hellas, Volume 3. Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-014233-3 (978-3-11-014233-4). Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

[Buccellati 2000] Buccellati, Giorgio, and Kelly-Buccellati, Marilyn. 2000. The Royal Palace and the Daughter of Naram-Sin, Urkesh Bulletin, Volume 3.

[Buccellati 2003] Buccellati, G{iorgio}. 2003. Hurrian Music. IIMAS (The International Institute for Mesopotamian Area Studies), retrieved September 28, 2011.

[Burgh 2006] Burgh, Theodore W. 2006. Listening to the Artifacts: Music Culture in Ancient Palestine, Illustrated Edition. Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 0-567-02542-X (978-0-567-02542-5).

[CAD 2011] Roth, Martha T. (editor in charge). 2011. The Chicago Assyrian Dictionary (CAD), 21 Volumes (26 total parts). Chicago, Illinois: The Oriental Institute, retrieved December 22, 2011. Publication began 1921. also known as The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.

[Cambel 2003] Çambel, H., and Özyar, A. 2003. Karatepe - Aslantaş, Azatiwaya: Die Bildwerke «Karatepe - Aslantaş, Azatiwaya: The Image Works», in German, ISBN-13 978-3-8053-3085-5.

[Campbell 2011] Campbell, Dennis R. M. 2011. Observations on the Lyric Structure of Hurrian Songs and the Fragment KBo 35.39.

[Caplice 1988] Caplice, Richard I., and Snell, Daniel C. 1988. Introduction to Akkadian. Gregorian and Biblical Book Shop, ISBN 88-7653-566-7 (978-88-7653-566-6).

[Cerny 1987] Černý, Miroslav Karel. 1987. “Das altmesopotamische Tonsystem, seine Organisation und Entwicklung im Lichte der neuerschlossenen Texte «The Mesopotamian Sound System, its Organization and Development in the Light of New Closed Texts»”, Archiv Orientální - Quarterly Journal of African and Asian Studies, Volume 55, in German, 41–57.

[Cerny 1988] Černý, Miroslav Karel. 1988. “Probleme der Musikaufzeichnung aus Ugarit — Versuch einer neuen Interpretation des "Hymnus h 6" «Problems of Recording Music from Ugarit - Attempt at a New Interpretation of the "Hymn H 6"»”, Sulmu / Vavrousek Petr. - Prague : Univerzita Karlova, in German, 49–62.

[Cerny 1994] Černý, Miroslav Karel. 1994. “Some Musicological Remarks on the Old Mesopotamian Music and its Terminology”, Archiv Orientální - Quarterly Journal of African and Asian Studies, Volume 62, Number 1, 17–26.

[Cerny 2004] Černý, Miroslav Karel. 2004. “Another Look at the Mesopotamian "Tonal" System - Ascending or Descending?”, Archiv Orientální - Quarterly Journal of African and Asian Studies, Volume 72, Number 1, 25–32.

[Champollion 1876] Champollion-Figeac, M. Jacques-Joseph. 1876. Egypte Ancienne «Ancient Egypt», in French. Publication egypteancienne00cham on Archive.org (open access).

[Cheng 2009] Cheng, Jack. 2009. “A Review of Early Dynastic III Music: Man's Animal Call”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 68, Number 3, 163–178, doi:10.1086/613988.

[Cheung 2008] Cheung, Vincent C. K. 2008. “Tudor Dedications to the Blessed Virgin: History, Style, and Analysis of Music from the Eton Choirbook”.

[Civil 2008] Civil, Miguel. 2008. ARES III: The Early Dynastic Practical Vocabulary A: Archaic HAR-ra A, Volume 4 of Archivi reali di Ebla: Studi, Missione archeologica italiana in Siria. Rome: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria.

[Civil 2010] Civil, Miguel. 2010. The Lexical Texts in the Schøyen Collection, Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology, Volume 12. Bethesda, Maryland: CDL Press, ISBN 1-934309-11-7 (978-1-934309-11-7).

[Colburn 2009] Colburn, Jerome. 2009. “A New Interpretation of the Nippur Music-Instruction Fragments”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 61, 97–109. ISSN 0022-0256 (print). Publication 25608635 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Colburn 2009a] Colburn, Jerome. 2009. “CBS 1766 as a Guide to String Pairs, Including Seconds”, N. A. B. U., Volume 3.

[Collon 1990] Collon, Dominique. 1990. Near Eastern Seals, Volume 2 of Interpreting the Past. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-520-07308-8 (978-0-520-07308-1).

[Collon 2008] Collon, Dominique. 2008. “Playing in Concert in the Ancient Near East”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2008), The British Museum, London, December 4–6, 2008, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 47–65.

[Crickmore 2003] Crickmore, Leon. 2003. “A Re-valuation of the Ancient Science of Harmonics”, Psychology of Music, Volume 31, Number 4, 391–403, doi:10.1177/03057356030314004.

[Crickmore 2007] Crickmore, Leon. 2007. “A New Hypothesis for the Construction and Tuning of Babylonian Musical Scales”, Journal of Ancient Civilizations, Volume 22, 35–67.

[Crickmore 2008] Crickmore, Leon. 2008. “A Musical and Mathematical Context for CBS 1766”, Music Theory Spectrum, Volume 30, Number 2, 327–338, doi:10.1525/mts.2008.30.2.327. Publication mts.2008.30.2.327 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Crickmore 2008a] Crickmore, Leon. 2008. “A New Light on the Babylonian Tonal System”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2008), The British Museum, London, December 4–6, 2008, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 11–22.

[Crickmore 2008b] Crickmore, Leon. 2008. “The Musicality of Plato”, Hermathena, Volume 180, 19–43.

[Crickmore 2009] Crickmore, Leon. 2009. “A Possible Mesopotamian Origin for Plato's World Soul”, Hermathena, Volume 186, 5–23. Publication 23041697 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Crickmore 2009a] Crickmore, Leon. 2008. “The Tonal Systems of Mesopotamia and Ancient Greece: Some Similarities and Differences”, The Archaeomusicological Review of the Ancient Near East, Volume 1, 1–16.

[Crickmore 2009b] Crickmore, Leon. 2008. “Harmonic Mythology — Nine Interdiciplinary Research Notes”, The Archaeomusicological Review of the Ancient Near East, Volume 1, 51–66.

[Crickmore 2010] Crickmore, Leon. 2010. “Egyptian Fractions and the Ancient Science of Harmonics”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2009-2010), Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, and Senate House, School of Musical Research, University of London, November 2009 and December 2010, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 1–8, ISBN-13 978-1-4632-0182-1.

[Crickmore 2012] Crickmore, Leon. 2012. “A Musicological Interpretation of the Akkadian term siḫpu”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 64, 57–64, doi:10.5615/jcunestud.64.0057. Publication 10.5615/jcunestud.64.0057 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Crocker 1977] Crocker, Richard L. 1977. “Music and Archaeology”, IMSCR, Volume 12, 844–868.

[Crocker 1978] Crocker, R{ichard} L. 1978. “Remarks on the Tuning Text UET VII 74 (U.7/80)”, Orientalia, Volume 47, 99–104. Publication 43074799 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Crocker 1984] Crocker, R{ichard} L., and Kilmer, A{nn} D{raffkorn}. 1984. “The Fragmentary Music Text from Nippur”, Iraq, Volume 46, Number 2, 81–85. Publication 4200217 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Crocker 1997] Crocker, Richard L. 1997. “Mesopotamian Tonal Systems”, Iraq, Volume 59, 189–202. Publication 4200443 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[CUL 2004] Libraries, Columbia University. 2004. Jewels in Her Crown — Treasures of Columbia University Libraries Special Collections.

[DEAA 1902] Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities at the British Museum. 1902. Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets, &c., in the British Muesum, Part XV (50 plates).

[DEAA 1909] Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities at the British Museum; King, L. W. (text and copies of the tablets); Wallis Bidge, E. A. (editor). 1909. Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets, &c., in the British Muesum, Part XXV (50 plates).

[deSchauensee 1998] Schauensee, Maude de. 1998. “The "Boat-Shaped" Lyre — Restudy of a Unique Musical Instrument from Ur”, Expedition, Volume 40, Number 2, 20–8.

[deSchauensee 2002] Schauensee, Maude de. 2002. Two Lyres from Ur. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, ISBN 0-924171-88-X (978-0-924171-88-8).

[Dietrich 1975] Dietrich, Manfried, and Loretz, Oswald. 1975. “Kollationen zum Musiktext aus Ugarit «Collations to Music Text from Ugarit»”, Ugarit-Forschungen, Volume 7, in German, 521–522.

[Dowley 2011] Dowley, Tim. 2011. Christian Music: A Global History. Augsburg Fortress Publishers, ISBN 0-8006-9841-X (978-0-8006-9841-6).

[Duchesne-Guillemin 1963] Duchesne-Guillemin, Marcelle. 1963. “Découverte d'une Gamme Babylonienne «Discovery of a Babylonian Scale»”, Revue de Musicologie, Volume 49, Number 126, in French, 3–17. Publication 927207 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Duchesne-Guillemin 1981] Duchesne-Guillemin, Marcelle. 1981. “Music in Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt”, World Archaeology, Volume 12, Number 3 (Archaeology and Musical Instruments), 287–297, doi:10.1080/00438243.1981.9979803. Publication 124240 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Duchesne-Guillemin 1984] Duchesne-Guillemin, Marcelle. 1984. A Hurrian Musical Score from Ugarit: The Discovery of Mesopotamian Music, Sources from the Ancient Near East, Volume 2, Number 2, ISBN 0-89003-158-4 (978-0-89003-158-2). ISSN 0732-6424.

[Duchesne-Guillemin 1984a] Duchesne-Guillemin, Marcelle. 1977. “Déchiffrement de la musique babylonienne «Decryption of Babylonian Music»”, Accademia dei Lincei, Quaderno, Volume 236, in French.

[Dumbrill 1997a] Dumbrill, Richard J{ean}. 1997. Götterzahlen and Scale Structure.

[Dumbrill 1997b] Dumbrill, Richard J{ean}. 1997. The Uruk Lute: Elements of Metrology.

[Dumbrill 1997c] Dumbrill, Richard J{ean}. 1997. The Morphology of the Babylonian Scale.

[Dumbrill 1998] Dumbrill, Richard J. {Jean}. 1998. The Musicology and Organology of the Ancient Near East, ANE Series. London: Tadema Press, ISBN 0-9533633-0-9 (978-0-9533633-0-8). Reissued in [Dumbrill 2005].

[Dumbrill 2005] Dumbrill, Richard J. {Jean}; Higano, Yumiko (illustrations). 2005. The Archaeomusicology of the Ancient Near East, Second Edition. Trafford Publishing, ISBN 1-4120-5538-5 (978-1-4120-5538-3). Reissue of [Dumbrill 1998].

[Dumbrill 2008a] Dumbrill, Richard J{ean}. 2008. “Four Tables from the Temple Library of Nippur: A Source for 'Plato's Number' in Relation to the Quantification of Babylonian Tone Numbers”, The Archaeomusicological Review of the Ancient Near East, Volume 1, 27–38.

[Dumbrill 2008b] Dumbrill, Richard J{ean}. 2008. “Is the Heptagram in CBS 1766 a Dial?”, The Archaeomusicological Review of the Ancient Near East, Volume 1, 47–50.

[Dumbrill 2008c] Dumbrill, Richard J{ean}. 2008. “The Earliest Evidence of Heptatonism in a Late Old Babylonian Text: CBS 1766”, The Archaeomusicological Review of the Ancient Near East, Volume 1, 1–18.

[Dumbrill 2008d] Dumbrill, Richard J{ean}. 2008. “Evidence and Inference in Texts of Theory in the Ancient Near East”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2008), The British Museum, London, December 4–6, 2008, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 105–116.

[Dumbrill 2009] Dumbrill, Richard J{ean}. 2009. “Babylonian Quantification of Pitches and its Influence on Music Theory of the Abbasids and the Renaissance”, Musical Traditions in the Middle East: Reminiscences of a Distant Past, Conference on Ancient Near East Musicology, Leiden University, December 10-12, 2009.

[Dumbrill 2010] Dumbrill, Richard. 2010. “Mesopotamian Origins of Heptatonism”, Music and Numbers.

[Dumbrill 2010a] Dumbrill, Richard. 2010. “Music Theorism in the Ancient World”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2009-2010), Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, and Senate House, School of Musical Research, University of London, November 2009 and December 2010, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 107–132, ISBN-13 978-1-4632-0182-1.

[Ebeling 1919] Ebeling, Erich. 1919. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts «Religious Cuneiform Texts from Assur», Volume 1, Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Assur (Excavations of the German Oriental Society in Assur), Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft (WVDOG), Volume 28, in German.

[Ebeling 1923] Ebeling, Erich. 1923. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts «Religious Cuneiform Texts from Assur», Volume 2, Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Assur (Excavations of the German Oriental Society in Assur), Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft (WVDOG), Volume 34, in German.

[Ebeling 1927] Ebeling, Erich. 1927. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur juristischen Inhalts «Legal Cuneiform Texts from Assur», Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Assur (Excavations of the German Oriental Society in Assur), Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft (WVDOG), Volume 50, in German.

[Effat 1996] Effat, Mahmoud, Cribbs, Robert, and Saleh, Fathi. 1996. “On the Discovery of the Ancient Egyptian Musical Scales”, Informatica ed Egittologia all’inizio degli anni’ 90, in English and French versions available, 119–140.

[Ellermeier 1970] Ellermeier, Friedrich. 1970. Sibyllen, Musikanten, Haremsfrauen: Aufsätze «Sibyls, Musicians, Harem Women: Essays», Volume 2 of Theologische und orientalistische Arbeiten. Jungfer, in German, ISBN 3-921747-05-8 (978-3-921747-05-6).

[Engel 1864] Engel, Carl. 1864. The Music of the Most Ancient Nations, Particularly of the Assyrians, Egyptians, and Hebrews: With Special Reference to Recent Discoveries in Western Asia and in Egypt, First Edition. London: J. Murray. Publication musicofmostancie00enge on Archive.org (open access).

[Engel 1870] Engel, Carl. 1870. The Music of the Most Ancient Nations, Particularly of the Assyrians, Egyptians, and Hebrews: With Special Reference to Recent Discoveries in Western Asia and in Egypt, Second edition. London: J. Murray.

[Erman 1907] Erman, Adolf; Griffith, A. S. (translation). 1907. A Handbook of Egyptian Religion. London: Archibald Constable & Co. English translation of the original German edition, published by the General Verwaltung of the Berlin Imperial Museums.

[Fink 2003] Fink, Robert. 2003. Selected Essays & Readings: On the Origin of Music. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada: Greenwich Publishing.

[Finkel 1982] Finkel, Irving L., and Civil, M. (editors). 1982. Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon, Volume 16, SIG 7 ALAN. Rome: Pontificium Institute Biblicum.

[Franklin 2002] Franklin, John Curtis. 2002. “Musical Syncretism in the Greek Orientalizing Period”, contained in [Hickmann-E 2002], in German and English, 441–451.

[Franklin 2002a] Franklin, John Curtis. 2002. Terpander: The Invention of Music in the Orientalizing Period, Doctoral dissertation – University College, London, England.

[Franklin 2002b] Franklin, John Curtis. 2002. Diatonic Music in Greece: A Reassessment of its Antiquity, Mnemosyne, Volume 55, Fasc 6, 669–702.

[Franklin 2003] Franklin, John Curtis. 2003. The Language of Musical Technique in Greek Epic Diction, contained in Gaia. Revue interdisciplinaire sur la Grèce archaïque 7, 295–307.

[Franklin 2004] Franklin, John Curtis. 2004. Structural Sympathies in Ancient Greek and South-Slavic Heroic Song, contained in [Hickmann-E 2004].

[Franklin 2006] Franklin, John Curtis. 2006. “Lyre Gods of the Bronze Age Musical Koine”.

[Franklin 2006a] Franklin, John Curtis. 2006. “The Wisdom of the Lyre: Soundings in Ancient Greece, Cyprus and the Near East”, in English and German.

[Franklin 2006c] Franklin, John Curtis. 2006. ‘Songbenders of Circular Choruses’: Dithyramb and the ‘Demise of Music’.

[Franklin 2007] Franklin, John Curtis. 2007. “A Feast of Music”: The Greco-Lydian Musical Movement on the Assyrian Periphery.

[Franklin 2009] Franklin, John Curtis. 2009. Kinyras: The Divine Lyre.

[Franklin 2010] Franklin, John Curtis. 2010. Kinyras and the Musical Stratigraphy of Early Cyprus.

[Gadalla 2000] Gadalla, Moustafa. 2000. Egyptian Harmony — The Visual Music. Greensboro, North Carolina: Tehuti Research Foundation.

[Gadalla 2002] Gadalla, Moustafa. 2002. Egyptian Rhythm — The Heavenly Melodies. Greensboro, North Carolina: Tehuti Research Foundation, ISBN 1-931446-02-4 (978-1-931446-02-0).

[Galpin 1937] Galpin, F. W. {Francis William}. 1937. The Music of the Sumerians — And Their Immediate Successors, the Babylonians and Assyrians. Cambridge University Press. Reissued in [Galpin 2011].

[Galpin 2011] Galpin, F. W. {Francis William}. 2011. The Music of the Sumerians — And Their Immediate Successors, the Babylonians and Assyrians. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-18063-5 (978-0-521-18063-4). Originally published in 1937. Reissue of [Galpin 1937].

[George-AR 1979] George, Andrew R. 1979. “Cuneiform Texts in the Birmingham City Museum”, Iraq, Volume 41, Number 2, 121–140. Publication 4200108 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[George-AR 1999] George, Andrew R. 1999. “What’s New in the Gilgamesh Epic?”, Bulletin of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies, Volume 34, 51–58.

[George-AR 2003] George, Andrew R. 2003. The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic — Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts, Volume 1.

[George-AR 2003a] George, Andrew R. 2003. The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian, Reprint edition. Penguin, ISBN 0-14-044919-1 (978-0-14-044919-8).

[George-AR 2007] George, Andrew. 2007. “Babylonian and Assyrian: A History of Akkadian”, contained in [Postgate 2007], 31–71.

[Goedicke 1971] Goedicke, Hans (editor). 1971. Near Eastern Studies in Honor of William Foxwell Albright. The Johns Hopkins University Press, in German and English, ISBN 0-8018-1235-6 (978-0-8018-1235-4).

[Goranson 2011] Goranson, Casey. 2011. Hurrian Hymn No. 6, retrieved March 20, 2011.

[Groneberg 2003] Groneberg, Brigitte. 2003. “Searching for Akkadian Lyrics: From Old Babylonian to the "Liederkatalog" KAR 158”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 55, 55–74. Publication 3515954 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Gruber 2004] Gruber, Claudia. 2004. Möbeldekor aus Elfenbein Zur Rekonstruktion von Schnitzverzierungen an altorientalischen Möbeln, Doctoral dissertation – Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, in German.

[Gurney-OR 1968] Gurney, O. R. 1968. “An Old Babylonian Treatise on the Tuning of the Harp”, Iraq, Volume 30, Number 2, 229–233. Publication 4199853 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Gurney-OR 1974] Gurney, O. R. 1974. Middle Babylonian Legal Documents and Other Texts, Ur Excavation Texts (UET), Volume VII. British Museum Publications Ltd for the British Museum, and the University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, ISBN 0-7141-1082-5 (978-0-7141-1082-0).

[Gurney-OR 1994] Gurney, O. R. 1994. “A New Interpretation of the Nippur Music-Instruction Fragments”, Iraq, Volume 56, 101–106. Publication 4200387 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Gurney-OR 1994a] Gurney, O. R. 1994. “Babylonian Music Again”, Iraq, Volume 56, 101–106. Publication 4200387 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Gurney-OR 1998] Gurney, O. R., and West, M. L. 1998. “Mesopotamian Tonal Systems: A Reply”, Iraq, Volume 60, 223–227, doi:10.2307/4200460. Publication 4200460 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Guterbock 1970] Güterbock, H{ans} G{ustav}. 1970. “Musical Notation in Ugarit”, Revue d’Assyriologie, Volume 64, 45–52.

[Hagel 2006] Hagel, Stefan. 2006. Music of the Ancient Near East.

[Hagel 2008] Hagel, Stefan. 2008. “Re-evaluating the Pompeii Auloi”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Volume 128, 52–71. Publication 40651723 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Hagel 2009] Hagel, Stefan. 2009. Ancient Greek Music: A New Technical History. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-51764-8 (978-0-521-51764-5).

[Halloran 1999] Halloran, John A. 1999. Sumerian Lexicon, Version 3.0.

[Halperin 2008] Halperin, David. 2008. “Musical Reconstruction of the Hurrian Material by Statistical Analysis”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2008), The British Museum, London, December 4–6, 2008, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 29–32.

[Hamilton 1953] Hamilton, Elsie. 1953. The Modes of Ancient Greece.

[Harper 1992] Harper, Prudence Oliver, Aruz, Joan, Tallon, Françoise, and Art, Metropolitan Museum of (editors). 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre, Illustrated Edition. Metropolitan Museum of Art, ISBN 0-87099-651-7 (978-0-87099-651-1).

[Harrison 1971] Harrison, Lou. 1957. The Tuning of the Babylonian Harp, retrieved December 9, 2011. Publication AM_1971_02_12 on Archive.org (open access).

[Hasselbach 2005] Hasselbach, Rebecca. 2005. Sargonic Akkadian — A Historical and Comparative Study of the Syllabic Texts. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 3-447-05172-8 (978-3-447-05172-9).

[Heichelheim 1952] Heichelheim, F. M. 1952. “Toronto Scholar Believes Music Led to Alphabet”, The Globe and Mail, 1–2.

[Heidel 1963] Heidel, Alexander. 1963. The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels, First Phoenix Edition. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. first published in 1946.

[Heimpel 2011] Heimpel, Wolfgang, and Frantz-Szabó, Gabriella (editors). 2011. Strings and Threads — A Celebration of the Work of Anne Draffkorn Kilmer. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.

[Helvaci 2008] Helvacı, Zeynep. 2007. Lirin Tarixi: Eski Ön Asya Ve Yunan Uyqarlıqlarında Kullanılan Lirlerin Karşılaşdırılması «Ancient Musical Instruments in Asia Minor», Doctoral dissertation – Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Institute for Music Research, Germany, in Turkish.

[Hickmann-E 2001] Hickmann, Ellen. 2001. “Archaeomusicology «Musikarchäologie», Volume 1, Second Edition”, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 848–854.

[Hickmann-H 1952] Hickmann, Hans. 1952. “The Egyptian 'Uffāṭah Flute”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 84, Issue 3–4, 103–104, doi:10.1017/S0035869X00105350. Publication 25222568 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Hill-AE 2009] Hill, Andrew E., and Walton, John H. 2009. “A Survey of the Old Testament”, contained in Volume 5 of [Walton-JH 2009]. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House.

[Horne-CF 1917] Horne, Charles Francis. 1917. The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East;With an Historical Survey and Descriptions. New York and London: Parke, Austin, and Lipscomb, Inc. Publication sacredbooksearly01hornuoft on Archive.org (open access).

[Horowitz 2006] Horowitz, Wayne. 2006. “A Late Babylonian Tablet with Concentric Circles from the University Museum (CBS 1766)”, Journal of The Ancient Near Eastern Society, Volume 30, 37–53.

[Jackson-W 2004] Jackson, Wayne. 2004. The Ras Shamra Discovery. Montgomery, Alabama: Apologetics Press, Inc.

[Jastrow 1906] Jastrow, Morris, Jr. 1906. “A Babylonian Parallel to the Story of Job”, Journal of Biblical Literature, Volume 25, Number 2, 135–191. Publication 3260156 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Jastrow 1915] Jastrow, Morris, Jr. 1915. The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria — Its remains, language, history, religion, commerce, law, art, and literature. J. B. Lippincott Co. Publication cu31924028554271 on Archive.org (open access).

[Jing 2003] Jing, M. 2003. “A Theoretical Study of the Vibration and Acoustics of Ancient Chinese Bells”, Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, Volume 114, Number 3, 1622–1628, doi:10.1121/1.1600727. Publication 14514215 on PubMed/NCBI (subscription access).

[Jowett 1871] Jowett, Benjamin. 1871. The Dialogues of Plato. Publication dialoguesofplato01joweuoft on Archive.org (open access).

[Kemp 1991] Kemp, Barry J. 1991. “Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization”. New York and London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-01281-3.

[Kilmer 1965] Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn. 1965. “The Strings of Musical Instruments: Their Names, Numbers, and Significance”, Studies in Honor of Benno Landsberger, Assyriological Studies, Volume 16, 261–268.

[Kilmer 1971] Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn. 1971. “The Discovery of an Ancient Mesopotamian Theory of Music”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Volume 115, Number 2, 131–149. Publication 985853 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Kilmer 1974] Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn. 1974. The Cult Song with Music from Ancient Ugarit: Another Interpretation, Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale, Volume 68, Number 1, 69–82. Publication 23282429 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Kilmer 1976] Kilmer, Anne D., Crocker, Richard L., and Brown, Robert R. 1976. Sounds from Silence: Recent Discoveries in Ancient Near Eastern Music. Berkeley, California: Bit Enki Publications, BTNK 101. Library of Congress call number 76-16729.

[Kilmer 1984] Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn. 1984. “A Music Tablet from Sippar(?): BM 65217 + 66616”, Iraq, Volume 46, Number 2, 69–80. Publication 4200216 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Kilmer 1985] Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn. 1985. “A New Music Theory Fragment from Nippur”, American Oriental Society Proceedings. conference presentation of the material in [Kilmer 1986].

[Kilmer 1986] Kilmer, A. D. {Anne Draffkorn}, and Civil, M. {Miguel}. 1986. “Old Babylonian Musical Instructions Relating to Hymnody”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 38, Number 1, 94–98, doi:10.2307/1359953. material from the conference proceedings in [Kilmer 1985]. Publication 1359953 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Kilmer 1996] Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn, and Tinney, Steve. 1996. “Old Babylonian Music Instruction Texts”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 48, 49–56. Publication 1359769 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Kilmer 1998a] Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn, and Tinney, Steve. 1998. “Correction to Kilmer/Tinney 'Old Babylonian Music Instruction Texts' JCS 48 (1996)”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 50, 118. Publication 1359896 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Kilmer 2000] Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn. 2000. “Continuity and Change in the Ancient Mesopotamian Terminology for Music and Musical Instruments”, Orient-Archäologie, Volume 7.

[Kilmer 2002] Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn. 2002. “Die musikalische Ausformung von Tonalität und Genre in Mesopotamien «Modal Music, Tonality and Genre in Mesopotamian Musical Performance»”, contained in [Hickmann-E 2002], in German and English, 481–486.

[Kilmer 2009] Kilmer, Anne D., and Peterson, Jeremie. 2009. “More Old Babylonian Music-Instruction Fragments from Nippur”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 61, 93–96. ISSN 0022-0256 (print). Publication 25608634 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Kim 1997] Kim, Patricia Costa. 1997. “Transmission of Music in the Hebrew Tradition: Learning from the Songs of the Synagogue”, The Bulletin of Historical Research in Music Education, Volume 19, Number 1, 40–51. Publication 40214945 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Kramer 1961] Kramer, Samuel Noah. 1961. Sumerian Mythology — A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C., Revised Edition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. Originally published in 1944.

[Kramer 1963] Kramer, Samuel Noah. 1963. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-45238-7 (978-0-226-45238-8).

[Kramer 1988] Kramer, Samuel Noah. 1988. History Begins at Sumer: Thirty Nine Firsts In Recorded History, Third Edition. University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 0-8122-1276-2 (978-0-8122-1276-1).

[Krispijn 1990] Krispijn, T{heo} J. H. 1990. “Beitrage zur altorientalischen Musikforschung. 1. Sulgi und die Musik «Contributions to Ancient Oriental Music Research. 1. Shulgi and the Music»”, Akkadica, Volume 70, in German, 1–27.

[Krispijn 2003] Krispijn, Theo J. H. 2003. “Musik in Keilschrift «Music in Cuneiform»”, contained in [Hickmann-E 2002], Volume 2, in German, 465–479.

[Krispijn 2008] Krispijn, Theo J. H. 2008. “Music in School and Temple in the Ancient Near East”, What Was Old Is New Again - A Meeting of Art and Scholarship, ZKM Center for Art and Technology.

[Krispijn 2008b] Krispijn, Theo J. H. 2008. “Music and Healing for Someone Far Away from Home HS 1556, A Remarkable Ur III Incantation, Revisited”, Contained in Spek, R.J., van der (Ed.) Studies in Ancient Near Eastern World View and Society presented to Marten Stol on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Bethesda, Maryland: CDL Press, 173–194.

[Krispijn 2008c] Krispijn, Theo J. H. 2008. “Musical Ensembles in Ancient Mesopotamia”, ICONEA 2008: Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology, held at the British Museum, December 4-6, 2008, ICONEA 2008: Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology, held at the British Museum, December 4-6, 2008, ICONEA 2008: Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology, held at the British Museum, December 4–6, 2008, editors: ICONEA 2008: Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology, held at the British Museum, December 4-6, 2008. London: Iconea Publications, 125–150.

[Krispijn 2010] Krispijn, Theo. 2010. “Music in the Syrian City of Elba in the Late Third Millennium B.C.”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2009-2010), Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, and Senate House, School of Musical Research, University of London, November 2009 and December 2010, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 55–61, ISBN-13 978-1-4632-0182-1.

[Kuhn 2010] Kuhn, Magdalena. 2010. “Hand Positions of Musicians Before and After the Hyksos Kings”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2009-2010), Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, and Senate House, School of Musical Research, University of London, November 2009 and December 2010, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 11–19, ISBN-13 978-1-4632-0182-1.

[Kummel 1970] Kümmel, Hans Martin. 1970. “Zur Stimmung der babylonischen Harfe «The Mood of the Babylonian Harp»”, Orientalia, Volume 39, in German, 252–263.

[Lambert 1971] Lambert, W. G. 1971. “The Converse Tablet: A Litany with Musical Instructions”, contained in [Goedicke 1971], 335–353.

[Landels 1981] Landels, J. G. 1981. “The Reconstruction of Ancient Greek Auloi”, World Archaeology, Volume 12, Number 3, 298–302, doi:10.1080/00438243.1981.9979804. Publication 124241 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Landels 1999] Landels, John Gray. 1999. Music in Ancient Greece and Rome, First Edition. Psychology Press, ISBN 0-415-16776-0 (978-0-415-16776-5).

[Langdon 1913] Langdon, Stephen. 1913. Babylonian Liturgies — Sumerian Texts from the Early Period and from the Library of Ashurbanipal, for the most part Transliterated and Translated. Paris: Librarie Paul Geuthner.

[Langdon 1917] Langdon, Stephen. 1917. Sumerian Liturgical Texts, Publications of the Babylonian Section, Volume 10, Number 2. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.

[Langdon 1919] Langdon, Stephen. 1919. Sumerian Liturgies and Psalms, Publications of the Babylonian Section, Volume 10, Number 4. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.

[Langdon 1923] Langdon, Stephen. 1923. “Sumerian and Semitic Religious and Historical Texts, Volume 1 of The H. Weld-Blundell Collection in the Ashmolean Museum”, Oxford Editions of Cuneiform Inscriptions. Oxford University Press.

[Langdon 1923a] Langdon, Stephen. 1923. “Two Sumerian Hymns from Eridu and Nippur”, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Volume 39, Number 3, 161–186. Publication 528626 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Laroche 1955] Laroche, Emmanuel. 1955. Le palais royal d' Ugarit 3 «The Royal Palace of Ugarit 3», contained in [Nougayrol 1955], in French, 327–335.

[Laroche 1968] Laroche, Emmanuel. 1968. Documents en langue hourrite provenant de Ras Shamra «Hurrian Documents from Ras Shamra», Chapter 2 of [Schaeffer 1968], in French, 447–543.

[Lasserre 1988] Lasserre, Francois. 1988. “Musica babilonese e musica greca «Babylonian and Greek Music»”, contained in La musica in Grecia, ed. Bruno Gentili & Roberto Pretagostini, Rome & Bari, in Italian, 72–95.

[Lawergren 2000] Lawergren, Bo. 2000. “Extant Silver Pipes from Ur, 2450 BC”, contained in [Hickmann-E 2000a], Studien zur Musikarchäologie, Volume 2, 121–132. Orient-Archäologie Band 7.

[Lawergren 2000a] Lawergren, Bo. 2000. “Strings”, contained in [So 2000], 65–85.

[Lawergren 2007] Lawergren, Bo. 2007. “Etruscan Musical Instruments and their Wider Context in Greece and Italy”, Etruscan Studies, Journal of the Etruscan Foundation, Volume 10, Issue 1, Article 10.

[Lawergren 2008] Lawergren, Bo. 2008. “Bull Lyres, Silver Lyres, Silver Pipes and Animals in Sumer, Circa 2500 B.C.”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2008), The British Museum, London, December 4–6, 2008, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 83–88.

[Legrain 1922] Legrain, Léon. 1922. Historical Fragments, Publications of the Babylonian Section, Volume 13.

[Lepsius 1849] Lepsius, Richard. 1849. Denkmaeler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien nach den zeichnungen der von Seiner Majestaet dem koenige von Preussen Friedrich Wilhelm IV «Monuments from Egypt and Ethiopia after the Drawings of by His Majesty the King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm IV», in German. Publication denkmaelerausaeg12leps on Archive.org (open access).

[Lloyd-LS 1946] Lloyd, Ll. S. 1946. “The Myth of Equal-Stepped Scales in Primitive Music”, Music & Letters, Volume 27, Number 2, 73–79. Publication 727434 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Lurker 1987] Lurker, Manfred. 1987. The Routledge Dictionary of Gods, Goddesses, Devils & Demons.

[Maas 1989] Maas, Martha, and Snyder, Jane McIntosh. 1989. Stringed Instruments of Ancient Greece. London: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-03686-8 (978-0-300-03686-2).

[MacGregor 2000] MacGregor, Arthur. 2000. “The Ashmolean Museum, Oxford”.

[Macgregor 2003] Macgregor, Sherry Lou. 2003. Women in the Neo-Assyrian World: Visual and Textual Evidence from Palace and Temple, Doctoral dissertation – University of California, Berkeley. ProQuest Dissertation #3105304.

[Manniche 1975] Manniche, Lise. 1975. Ancient Egyptian Musical Instruments. Deutscher Kunstverlag, ISBN 3-422-00827-6 (978-3-422-00827-4).

[Maor 2002] Maor, Eli. 2002. Trigonometric Delights. Princeton University Press, ISBN-13 978-0-691-09541-7.

[Marcetteau 2008] Marcetteau, Myriam. 2008. “A Queen's Orchestra at the Court of Mari: New Perspectives on the Archaic Instrumentarium in the Third Millennium”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2008), The British Museum, London, December 4–6, 2008, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 67–75.

[Masson 1999] Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich; Dani, Ahmad Hasan, and Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich (editors). 1999. History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 1. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, ISBN 81-208-1407-X (978-81-208-1407-3).

[McClain 1978] McClain, Ernest G. 1978. The Pythagorean Plato — Prelude to the Song Itself. York Beach, Maine: Nicolas-Hays, Inc., ISBN 0-89254-010-9.

[McClain 1981] McClain, Ernest G. 1981. Meditations through the Quran — Tonal Images in an Oral Culture. York Beach, Maine: Nicolas-Hays, Inc., ISBN 0-89254-010-9.

[McClain 2008] McClain, Ernest G. 2008. “A Sumerian Text in Quantified Archaeomusicology”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2008), The British Museum, London, December 4–6, 2008, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 89–103.

[McClain 2010] McClain, Ernest G. 2010. “Egyptian Connections: Narmer Inscriptions as Sumerian Musicology”, Musical exchanges between Ancient Egypt and the Near East during, before and after the Hyksos Kings (ICONEA 2010), Chancellor's Hall, Senate House, University of London, December 15–17, 2010, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications.

[McClain 2010a] McClain, Ernest, and Blumsom, Peter. 2010. “Egyptian Connections: Narmer Instriptions as Sumerian Musicology”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2009-2010), Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, and Senate House, School of Musical Research, University of London, November 2009 and December 2010, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 73–104, ISBN-13 978-1-4632-0182-1.

[Melini 2008] Melini, Roberto. 2008. “Possessed by the Great Mother: Music and Trance in Ancient Pompeii and in the Popular Tradition of Southern Italy”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2008), The British Museum, London, December 4–6, 2008, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 1–9.

[Merlini 2008] Merlini, Marco, and Lazarovici, Gheorghe. 2008. “Settling Discovery Circumstances, Dating and Utilization of the Tărtăria Tablets”, Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis, Number 7. ISSN 1583-1817.

[Messerschmidt 1911] Messerschmidt, L. 1919. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur historischen Inhalts «Historical Cuneiform Texts from Assur», Volume 1, Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Assur (Excavations of the German Oriental Society in Assur), Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft (WVDOG), Volume 16, in German.

[Michalowski 2008] Michalowski, Piotr. 2008. “Traveler's Tales: Observations on Musical Mobility in Mesopotamia and Beyond”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2008), The British Museum, London, December 4–6, 2008, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 117–124.

[Michalowski 2010] Michalowski, Piotr. 2010. “Learning Music: Schooling, Apprenticeship, and Gender in Early Mesopotamia”, contained in [Pruzsinszky 2010a], 199–240.

[Miller-MK 2000] Miller, Mary K. 2000. “Music of the Neanderthals”, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2000 Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., February 17–22, 2000, Dispatches from the Field, retrieved September 27, 2011.

[Mirelman 2009] Mirelman, Sam, and Krispijn, Theo J. H. 2009. “The Old Babylonian Tuning Text UET VI/3 899”, Iraq, Volume 71, 43–52, doi:10.1017/S0021088900000735. Publication 20779002 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Mitchell 1992] Mitchell, T. C. 1992. “The Music of the Old Testament Reconsidered”, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, Volume 124, 124–143.

[Monzo 2000] Monzo, Joseph L. 2000. A New Reconstruction of the Hurrian Hymn, Encyclopedia of Tuning, retrieved September 28, 2011.

[Monzo 2002] Monzo, Joseph L. 2002. Speculations on Sumerian Tuning, retrieved December 9, 2011.

[Morley 2003] Morley, Iain. 2003. The Evolutionary Origins and Archaeology of Music: An Investigation into the Prehistory of Human Musical Capacities and Behaviours, Using Archaeological, Anthropological, Cognitive and Behavioural Evidence, Ph.D. dissertation – Cambridge University, England, Darwin College Research Report, DCRR-002. Electronic Edition January 12, 2006. Report DCRR-002.

[Nott 1886] Nott, John Fortuné. 1886. Wild Animals Photographed and Described. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington. Publication cu31924024782561 on Archive.org (open access).

[Nougayrol 1955] Nougayrol, Jean, Boyer, Georges, Laroche, Emmanuel, and Schaeffer, Claude-Frédéric-Armand. 1955. Textes accadiens et hourrites des archives Est, Ouest et centrales «Akkadian Texts and Hurrian Archives East, West and Central», Two Volumes. Paris, France: C. Klincksieck, in French.

[Olsen 1967] Olsen, Poul Rovsing. 1967. “An Aulos in The Danish National Museum”, Danish Yearbook of Musicology, Volume 5, 3–9.

[Pohlmann 2001] Pöhlmann, Egert, and West, Martin Litchfield. 2001. Documents of Ancient Greek Music: The Extant Melodies and Fragments. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-19-815223-X (978-0-19-815223-1).

[Postgate 2007] Postgate, J. Nicholas. 2007. Languages of Iraq, Ancient and Modern. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, ISBN 0-903472-21-X (978-0-903472-21-0).

[Pruzsinszky 2010] Pruzsinszky, Regine. 2010. “Singers, Musicians and their Mobility in the Ur III Period Cuneiform Texts”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2009-2010), Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, and Senate House, School of Musical Research, University of London, November 2009 and December 2010, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 31–39, ISBN-13 978-1-4632-0182-1.

[Pruzsinszky 2010a] Pruzsinszky, Regine, and Shehata, Dahlia. 2010. Musiker und Tradierung: Studien zur Rolle von Musikern bei der Verschriftlichung und Tradierung von literarischen Werken «Musicians and Tradition: Studies on the Role of Musicians in the Transcript, and Tradition of Literary Works», Volume 8 of Wiener Offene Orientalistik. LIT Verlag Münster, in German, ISBN 3-643-50131-5 (978-3-643-50131-8).

[Rachuta 2011] Rachuta, Robert. 2011. Muzyka w Biblii «Music in the Bible», Ph.D. dissertation – Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poland, in Polish.

[Radau 1913] Radau, Hugo. 1913. Sumerian Hymns and Prayers to God Dumu-Zi — Babylonian Lenten Songs from the Temple Library of Nippur. Munich: Rudolf Merkel.

[Rahn 2011] Rahn, Jay. 2011. “The Hurrian Pieces, ca. 1350 BCE, Part One - Notation and Analysis”, Analatical Approaches to World Music, Volume 1, Number 1, 93–151.

[Rahn 2011a] Rahn, Jay. 2011. “The Hurrian Pieces, ca. 1350 BCE, Part Two - From Numbered Strings to Tuned Strings”, Analatical Approaches to World Music, Volume 1, Number 2, 93–151.

[Reynolds 2009] Reynolds, Dwight. 2009. “The Re-creation of Medieval Arabo-Andalusian Music in Modern Performance”, Al-Masāq, Volume 21, Number 2, 175–189, doi:10.1080/09503110902875442.

[Rimmer 1969] Rimmer, Joan. 1969. Ancient Musical Instruments of Western Asia in the British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum, ISBN 0-7141-1045-0 (978-0-7141-1045-5).

[Robson 1999] Robson, Eleanor. 1999. Mesopotamian Mathematics, 2100–1600 BC: Technical Constants in Bureaucracy and Education, Volume 14 of Oxford Editions of Cuneiform Texts. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-815246-9 (978-0-19-815246-0).

[Robson 2000] Robson, Eleanor. 2000. “Mathematical Cuneiform Tablets in Philadelphia — Part 1: Problems and Calculations”, Sources and Commentaries in Exact Sciences (SCIAMVS), Volume 1, 11–48.

[Robson 2002] Robson, Eleanor. 2002. “Words and Pictures: New Light on Plimpton 322”, American Mathematical Monthly, Volume 109, Number 2, 105–120, doi:10.2307/2695324. Publication 2695324 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Robson 2004] Robson, Eleanor. 2004. “Mathematical Cuneiform Tablets in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford”, Sources and Commentaries in Exact Sciences (SCIAMVS), Volume 5, 3–65.

[Roest 1999] Roest, Bert, and Vanstiphout, Herman L. J. (editors). 1999. Aspects of Genre and Type in Pre-Modern Literary Cultures. Groningen, The Netherlands: Styx Publications.

[Rosellini 1840] Rosellini, Ippolito; Lasinio, Carlo (engraver); Angelell, Giuseppe, Cherubini, Salvador, and Rosellini, Gaetano (artists). 1840. I Monumenti dell'Egitto e della Nubia — disegnati dalla spedizione scientifico-letteraria toscana in Egitto; distribuiti in ordine di materie interpretati ed illustrati dal dottore Ippolito Rosellini. «The Monuments of Egypt and Nubia - Drawn from Scientific Literature Tuscan Expedition to Egypt; Distributed in Order of Subjects Interpreted and Explained to the Doctor Ippolito Rosellini», 10 Volumes. Presso N. Capurro ec., in Italian. Publication cu31924024782561 on Archive.org (open access).

[Sachs 1941] Sachs, Curt. 1941. “The Mystery of the Babylonian Notation”, Musical Quarterly, Volume 27, Number 1, 62–69, doi:10.1093/mq/XXVII.1.62. Publication 739367 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Sachs 1943] Sachs, Curt. 1943. The Rise of Music in the Ancient World, First Edition. New York: W W Norton & Co., retrieved January 8, 2012, ISBN 0-393-09718-8 (978-0-393-09718-4). Publication TheRiseOfMusicInTheAncientWorld on Archive.org (open access).

[Sayce 1898] Sayce, A. H. 1898. Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by the Religion of the Ancient Babylonians, Fifth Edition. London: Williams and Norgate.

[Schaeffer 1968] Schaeffer, Claude-Frédéric-Armand, and Nougayrol, Jean (editors). 1968. Nouveaux textes accadiens, hourrites et ugaritiques des archives et bibliothèques privées d'Ugarit «New Akkadian Texts, Hurrian and Ugaritic Archives and Private Libraries of Ugarit», Ugaritica 5; Bibliothèque archéologique et historique / Institut français d'archéologie de Beyrouth 80; Mission de Ras Shamra 16. Paris, France: P. Geuthner, in French.

[Schlesinger 1938] Schlesinger, Kathleen. 1938. “Correspondence”, Music & Letters, Volume 19, Issue 4, 491–492, doi:10.1093/ml/XIX.4.491.

[Schlesinger 1939] Schlesinger, Kathleen. 1939. The Greek Aulos — A Study of its Mechanism and of its Relation to the Modal System of Ancient Greek Music, Followed by a Survey of the Greek Harmoniai in Survival or Rebirth in Folk-music. London, England: Methuen & Co.

[Schlesinger 1970] Schlesinger, Kathleen. 1970. The Greek Aulos — A Study of its Mechanism and of its Relation to the Modal System of Ancient Greek Music, Followed by a Survey of the Greek Harmoniai in Survival or Rebirth in Folk-music. Groningen, The Netherlands: Bouma's Boekhuis N.V., ISBN 90-6088-027-7. Unchanged reprint of the 1939 Methuen edition. Publication KathleenSchlesingerTheGreekAulos on Archive.org (open access).

[Schroeder 1920] Schroeder, O. 1919. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschieden Inhalts «Cuneiform Texts from Assur with Various Content», Volume 1, Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Assur (Excavations of the German Oriental Society in Assur), Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft (WVDOG), Volume 35, in German.

[Schroeder 1922] Schroeder, O. 1919. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur historischen Inhalts «Historical Cuneiform Texts from Assur», Volume 2, Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Assur (Excavations of the German Oriental Society in Assur), Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft (WVDOG), Volume 37, in German.

[Shaffer 1981] Shaffer, Aaron. 1981. “A New Musical Term in Ancient Mesopotamian Music”, Iraq, Volume 43, Number 1, 79–83, doi:10.2307/4200135. Publication 4200135 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Shalev-Eyni 2006] Shalev-Eyni, Sarit. 2006. “Solomon, his Demons and Jongleurs: The Meeting of Islamic, Judaic and Christian Culture”, Al-Masāq, Volume 18, Number 2, 145–160, doi:10.1080/09503110600838635.

[Sharif-M 1999] Sharif, M., and Thapar, B. K. 1999. “Food-producing Communities in Pakistan and Northern India”, contained in [Masson 1999], 128–137.

[Shore 1965] Shore, A. F. 1965. “A Bronze Flute with Demotic Inscription”, The British Museum Quarterly, Volume 30, Number 1/2, 35–36. Publication 4422917 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Smith-J 2000] Smith, Janet, and Kilmer, Anne. 2000. “Laying the Rough, Testing the Fine”, contained in [Hickmann-E 2000], 127–140.

[Smith-J 2003] Smith, Janet. 2003. Seven Modes for an Ancient Lyre — Music in Seven Ancient Tunings Using Samples from a Replica of the Silver Lyre from Ur, Bella Roma Music, BRM 101.

[Smith-J 2008] Smith, Janet. 2008. Interview with Prof. Anne Kilmer, Tuscon Arizona, January 2008, retrieved February 22, 2011.

[Smyth 2007] Smyth, A. S. H. 2007. “Pipe Work”, Early Music Today, 16–17.

[So 2000] So, Jenny F. (editor). 2000. Music in the Age of Confucius. Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, ISBN 0-295-97953-4 (978-0-295-97953-3).

[Stackert 2010] Stackert, Jeffrey, Porter, Barbara Nevling, and Wright, David P. 2010. Gazing on the Deep, Ancient Near Eastern and Other Studies in Honor of Tsvi Abusch, ISBN 1-934309-26-5 (978-1-934309-26-1).

[Stainer 1900] Stainer, John. 1900. The Music Of The Bible — With Some Account of the Development of Modern Musical Instruments from Ancient Types. London: Novello, Ewer & Co.

[Stern 2010] Stern, Max. 2010. “Reconstructing the Voice of King David's Harps”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2009-2010), Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, and Senate House, School of Musical Research, University of London, November 2009 and December 2010, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 161–174, ISBN-13 978-1-4632-0182-1.

[Strauven 2010] Strauven, Peter, and Reeth, Jan M. F. Van. 2010. “Pythagoras, The Origins of Musical Modi and the Dactyls”, Proceedings of the International Conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology (ICONEA 2009-2010), Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, and Senate House, School of Musical Research, University of London, November 2009 and December 2010, editors: Richard Dumbrill and Irving Finkel. London: Iconea Publications, 63–71, ISBN-13 978-1-4632-0182-1.

[Tillyard 1916] Tillyard, H. J. W. 1916. “The Problem of Byzantine Neumes”, American Journal of Archaeology, Second Series, Volume 20, 62–71.

[Vanderburgh 1908] Vanderburgh, Frederick Augustus. 1908. Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum. Columbia University Press. Publication sumerianhymnsfro00vandiala on Archive.org (open access).

[Veldhuis 1999+A2936] Veldhuis, Niek. 1999. “Continuity and Change in the Mesopotamian Lexical Tradition”, contained in [Roest 1999], 101–118.

[Vitale 1982] Vitale, R{aoul}. 1982. “La Musique sumero-accadienne: gamme et notation musicale «Sumero-Akkadian Music - Range and Musical Notation»”, Ugarit-Forschungen, Volume 14, in French, 241–263.

[Wallace-RW 2003] Wallace, Robert W. 2003. “An Early Fifth-Century Athenian Revolution in Aulos Music”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Volume 101, 73–92. Publication 3658525 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Walton-JH 2009] Walton, John H. (general editor). 2009. Illustrated Bible, Backgrounds, Commentary, five volumes, Third Edition. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, ISBN-13 978-0-310-25573-4.

[Wang-Y 2004] Wang, Yuhwen. 2004. “The Ethical Power of Music: Ancient Greek and Chinese Thoughts”, Journal of Aesthetic Education, Volume 38, Number 1, 89–104.

[Watson-WGE 1997] Watson, Wilfred G. E. 1997. “The "Split Couplet" in Ugaritic Verse”, Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici sul Vicino Oriente antico, Volume 14, 29–42.

[West 1994] West, M{artin} L{itchfield}. 1994. “The Babylonian Musical Notation and the Hurrian Melodic Texts”, Music and Letters, Volume 75, Number 2, 161–179. Publication 737674 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[West 1994a] West, Martin Litchfield. 1994. Ancient Greek Music. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-814975-1 (978-0-19-814975-0).

[Westenholz 1975] Westenholz, Aage. 1975. Early Cuneiform Texts in Jena: Pre-Sargonic and Sargonic documents from Nippur and Fara in the Hilprecht-Sammlung vorderasiatischer Altertümer, Institut für Altertumswissenschaften der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena «Early Cuneiform Texts in Jena: pre-Sargonic and Sargonic documents from Nippur and Fara in the Hilprecht Collection of Near Eastern Antiquities, Department of Classical Studies at the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena». København: Munksgaard, in English and German, ISBN 87-7304-043-6 (978-87-7304-043-0).

[Wheeler 2011] Wheeler, John. 2011. Sacred Music in Antiquity, retrieved December 9, 2011.

[Wiggermann 2010] Wiggermann, F. A. M. 2010. “The Image of Dumuzi — A Diachronic Analysis”, contained in [Stackert 2010], 327–350.

[Wilkinson 1878] Wilkinson, J. G.; Birch, Samuel (editor). 1878. The Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, Three Volumes. Publications mannerscustomsof01wilk, mannerscustomsof02wilk, and mannerscustoms03wilk on Archive.org (open access).

[Wolkstein 1983] Wolkstein, Diane, and Kramer, Samuel Noah. 1983. Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth. Harper and Row, ISBN 0-06-090854-8 (978-0-06-090854-6).

[Woods 2010] Woods, Christopher, Emberling, Geoff, and Teeter, Emily. 2010. Visible Language, Oriental Institute Museum Publications, Number 32. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, ISBN 1-885923-76-7 (978-1-885923-76-9).

[Woolley 1921] Woolley, Leonard, Lawrence, T. E., and Hogarth, D. G. 1921. Carchemish: Report on the Excavations at Jerablus on Behalf of the British Museum, Volume 2: The Town Defenses. London: The British Museum. Publication carchemishreport02brit on Archive.org (open access).

[Woolley 1934] Woolley, C. L{eonard}. 1934. Ur Excavations, Volume 2: The Royal Cemetery - Text and Plates. The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and The Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia. A Report on the Predynastic and Sargonid Graves Excavated between 1926 and 1931.

[Woolley 1952] Woolley, Leonard, and Barnett, R. D. 1952. Carchemish: Report on the Excavations at Jerablus on Behalf of the British Museum, Volume 3: The Excavations in the Inner Town. London: The British Museum. Publication carchemishreport03brituoft on Archive.org (open access).

[Wright-FA 1914] Wright, F. A. 1914. “Greek Music”, The Edinburgh Review, Volume 220, 115–134.

[Wulstan 1968] Wulstan, David. 1968. “The Tuning of the Babylonian Harp”, Iraq, Volume 30, Number 2, 215–228. Publication 4199852 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Wulstan 1971] Wulstan, David. 1971. “The Earliest Musical Notation”, Music & Letters, Volume 52, Number 4, 365–382, doi:10.1093/ml/LII.4.365. Publication 734711 on JSTOR (subscription access).

[Wulstan 2005] Wulstan, David. 2005. “Bring on the Dancing-Girls — (a Gadibus usque auroram)”, Al-Masāq, Volume 17, Number 2, 221–249, doi:10.1080/09503110500222344.

[Wyatt 2012] Wyatt, Simon. 2012. “Sound Production in Early Aerophones”, contained in [Eichmann 2012], 393–398.

[Yamauchi 1980] Yamauchi, Edwin M. 1980. “The Archaeological Background of Daniel”, Bibliotheca Sacra, Volume 137, 3–16.