Flutopedia - an Encyclopedia for the Native American Flute

Map of Native American Flute Tunings

This page provides a map of various tunings for flutes. They are divided into three tables:

Flutes with tuning that I have observed, or that have been reliably reported to me.
Tuning for the seven diatonic scales.
Potential tunings that I have not observed.

Notes

The tables show only those fingerings that are relatively standard for that tuning. Half-hole fingerings in the low register as well as cross-fingered notes (that typically vary from maker to maker and from flute to flute) are not shown. For a more complete coverage of alternate fingerings and cross-fingering for contemporary Native American flutes, see Native American Flute Fingering Charts.

Note that, in cases where the octave note is overblown, the best fingering might be or it might be or something in between such as (i.e. with the top hole partically open or slightly open (“cracked”)). I show such situations as on this page.

This page shows only tunings that fit into (i.e. are a subset of) the 12-tone chromatic scale, with the exception of one scale that uses two quarter tones. They could be equal tempered tuning system (12TET) or some other 12-tone tuning.

The names of some of the tunings are linked to locations on Flutopedia with more information.

Browser Compatibility Note: Because of the large tables, I have had reports that this page does function properly on all browsers. It has been tested on these browsers:

OK - Microsoft Internet Explorer 9.0.8112.16421, tested 2/15/2012, on Win7 64-bit.
FAIL - Microsoft Internet Explorer 8.0.6001.1872, tested 2/14/2012, on Windows XP SP3 — the layout of the finger diagrams is not rendered properly.
OK - Google Chrome 16.0.912.75 m, tested 2/15/2012, on Win7 64-bit.
OK - Mozilla Firefox 9.0.1, tested 2/15/2012 on Win7 64-bit.
OK - Opera 11.60, Build 1185, tested 2/15/2012 on Win7 64-bit.
OK - Apple Safari 5.1.2 (7534.52.7), tested 2/15/2012 on Win7 64-bit.
OK - Apple The New iPad (third Generation), iOS 5.1, tested 3/18/2012.
OK - Microsoft Internet Explorer 11.0.9600.18230, tested 4/3/2016, on Win7 64-bit.
OK - Google Chrome 49.0.2623.110 m, tested 4/3/2016, on Win7 64-bit.

Observed Tunings

Tunings for flutes in my collection, or that I have observed, or that have been reliably reported to me.

This first chart shows tunings where the first register goes no further than the octave note.

Observed Flute Tunings
Tuning	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Aug. Fourth	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave	Details
Tuning	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Dim. Fifth¹	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave	Details
Six-hole Pentatonic Minor (Mode 1/4)														The most common tuning for present-day Native American flutes. The tuning of contemporary Native American flutes (with posible alternate fingerings on the octave note).
Five-hole Pentatonic Minor														A common arrangement for flutes that are often called “Lakota-tuned”.
Five-hole “DRB Tuning”														“DRB” ≡ “Dan Red Buffalo”. See the section below on Dan Red Buffalo Tuning.
Six-hole Pentatonic Minor Extended														A rare but versitile tuning for Native American flutes. I have one flute, the Swiss-made Forest Flute, that uses this tuning, made by Alf Jetzer. The fingering produces two semitones above the octave note.
Six-hole Pentatonic Major Mode 2/5
Six-hole Diatonic														Common fingerings for Irish Whistles, East Indian bansuris, diatonic Native American flutes, and other flutes playing the diatonic scale.
Rainer Seven-hole Diatonic														“Ranier” ≡ “John Ranier”. See the section below on John Ranier Tuning.
Rainer Seven-hole Celtic Pentatonic														“Ranier” ≡ “John Ranier”. See the section below on John Ranier Tuning.
Blues Six-hole														One of the High Spirits “Spirit Flutes” alternate tunings.²
East Indian Six-hole														One of the High Spirits “Spirit Flutes” alternate tunings.²
Spanish Six-hole														One of the High Spirits “Spirit Flutes” alternate tunings.²
Japanese Five-hole														One of the High Spirits “Spirit Flutes” alternate tunings.²
Suspended Pentatonic Extended Six-hole														From a flute of Michael Graham Allen that he used on his Floating on Evening album (1998) and House Made of Dawn. The fingering produces two semitones above the octave note. Jon Norris crafts flutes with this alternate fingering as of 2016 (personal communication from Jon Norris 4/2/2016).
Middle Eastern Five-hole														One of the High Spirits “Spirit Flutes” alternate tunings.²
Six-hole Anasazi
Mojave-6 Tuning														Introduced by Geoffrey Ellis of Earth Tone Flutes in 2009 as an alternate tuning for Anasazi-style flutes. Reference: [August-S 2009]
Six-hole “Lost Tuning”														Introduced by Geoffrey Ellis of Earth Tone Flutes in 2010 as an alternate tuning for Anasazi-style flutes. Reference: [August-S 2010] and personal communication from Geoffrey 12/1/2011.
Four-hole Minor														An arrangement used by Romy Benton on his very low minor-tuned bansuri flutes, to assist in reachability of the finger holes.
Four-hole “Mayan Long Count” Tuning														Introduced by Geoffrey Ellis of Earth Tone Flutes in 2011 as an alternate tuning for Anasazi-style flutes. See Mayan Long Count.
Anasazi-7 Tuning														Introduced by Stephen DeRuby in 2009 on the EZ Anasazi. It is unusual among major tunings in that it does not have the perfect fourth. See the transcription of an Eskimo melody on page 130 of [Rink 1889] for a melody of less than an octave that fits this scale nicely. See also a general discussion of Asiatic influences in Eskimo songs in [Barbeau 1934] and [Barbeau 1942]
Seven-hole Minor														An arrangement used by Romy Benton on his minor-tuned bansuri flutes.
Six-hole Spanish Gypsy														aka Mela Vakulabharanam, Raga Jogiya, Ahiri, Vativasantabhairavi, Ahava Rabba or Ahavah Rabbah, Freygish: Jewish, Maqam Hijaz-Nahawand, Humayun, Dorico Flamenco: Spain, Hitzaz: Greece, Harmonic Major inverse, Phrygian Dominant, Phrygian Major. Leonard McGann 2004–2005 and Jon Norris (personal communication from Jon Norris 4/2/2016). Fingering on the seven-hole version is typically 1234-124, and the two pinky holes are ofset for reachability.
Seven-hole Spanish Gypsy
Magen Abot Tuning								note 4						Also spelled Magein Avot. An exotic alternate tuning made by a several makers including Russ Venable, Brad Young, and Leonard McGann.⁵
Kiva Seven-hole	3													An alternate tuning of Stephen DeRuby on his Kiva Flute^TM.³ See Kiva Flute.
Akebono + Major Seventh														An alternate tuning by Jon Norris (personal communication from Jon Norris 4/2/2016).
Bawu Seven-hole														Standard fingering for a Chinese Bawu. The all-holes-open fingering gets you the major ninth, two half-steps above the octave note.
Maqam Rast / Arabic Diatonic														A quarter-tone scale with notes between the chromatic notes of Equal Temperament.
Recorder Tuning														Fingerings for Baroque / English recorders. Reference: [Dolmetsch 2001]
Four-hole Mojave
Three-hole Papago
Four-hole Papago
	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Aug. Fourth	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave
	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Dim. Fifth¹	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave
	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C
	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db
	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D
	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb
	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E
	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F
	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb
	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G
	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab
	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A
	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb
	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B
	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C

Dan Red Buffalo Tuning

The chart above shows what I call the “DRB” or “Dan Red Buffalo” tuning. This comes from a flute in my collection that Ken Light crafted in 1987 based on studying a flute played by Tony Shearer. According to Ken Light ([Light 2013]):

The 5-hole Lakota-style courting flute that I created from study of Tony Shearer's old flute was made by Daniel Red Buffalo and passed to him by his grandfather, Harry Flying Horse. Tony called his flute, “My Lady”.

More information was provided by Ken Light (personal communication, February 18, 2016):

What I know about the old Lakota flute that Tony Shearer carried is this: When I asked him about his flute and maker, he told me that to his knowledge it had been made by a man named Left Hand Bull. My next source of information about it came unexpectedly when I was visiting the Museum of the Plains Indian in Browning, Montana. In their collection and on display were two old Lakota flutes. The small placard shown with them read that they had been made by Daniel Red Buffalo circa 1890.
…
My next hands-on observation occurred in South Dakota when I met Kevin Locke. I was familiar with his writings and music. He showed me a Daniel Red Buffalo flute that he has. This one was smaller and tuned of course higher than the larger 5-hole flutes I had seen, but had the unmistakeable look and style of this maker. Since then, I have had a theory that Left Hand Bull and Daniel Red Buffalo were the same person, but it may have been that Left Hand Bull was Dan Red Buffalo’s father.

The story that Tony told me about Left Hand Bull was that due to his left-handedness and his ability to place his arrows during the hunt that he was famous among his people as a buffalo hunter. Then as the buffalo were slaughtered and disappeared, he had taken to flutemaking in the tradition of his family with the making of what we now call the Lakota Five Hole cedar flute.

From some geneaology research I did in March 2013 and April 2016, it does not appear that Left Hand Bull (1843–)¹ and Daniel Red Buffalo (1882–1966)² are related. However, they both resided in Rosebud, South Dakota and could well have had a flute maker-apprentice relationship.

A photo of Left Hand Bull taken by Jon A. Anderson circa 1911 is available at the Nebraska State Historical Society.

Also according to Jon Norris (personal communication, April 16, 2016), the DRB tuning was used by Ted Ceplina in the 2012–2014 timeframe when crafting his replicas of Richard (Dick) Foolbull flutes. This tuning was probably authentic to at least one flute crafted by Richard Foolbull, but was not representative of all flutes that Richard Foolbull crafted. Richard W. Payne states that Richard Foolbull experimented with other scales, and had in his collection a Richard Foolbull flute of very different tuning ([Payne 1999], page 28).

----

¹Date of birth estimated from records of the United States Census, 1910 (“United States Census, 1910,” database with images, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPXY-9CD, accessed 20 April 2016, Left Hand Bull, Rosebud Indian Reservation, Todd, South Dakota, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 125, sheet 40B, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 1,375,488).

²On the draft registration card filled out by Daniel Red Buffalo in Rosebud, South Dakota on September 12, 1918, he provides his date of birth as April 29, 1882 (United States, World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, index and images, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/K6Z1-R8P, accessed 21 Mar 2013, Daniel Red Buffalo). Jimmy Sweet provided his date of death as August 22, 1966 based on headstone information in the Calvary Cemetery, Okreek, Todd County, South Dakota (Record date: May 4, 2008, Find A Grave Memorial #26592591, accessed March 21, 2014).

John Ranier Tuning

The chart above shows what Robert Gatliff has termed the “Ranier” or “John Ranier” tuning (personal communication, July 25, 2015). This is based on Robert's research on two John Ranier flutes in 2001:

The interesting thing about this fingering is hole #2 from the bottom is always closed. I noticed Rainer was playing that way in Taos and I also noticed Peter Phippen playing that way on some North African instruments.

Diatonic Tunings

Here are tunings for the seven diatonic scales. Each of these scales is given in six-hole and seven-hole variants. All of these scales are modes, or rotations of each other. Their names have been changed over the millennia (and got rather confounded in the Middle Ages), so I am noting all the names by which they have been known:

(M) Medieval scale name and also Modern scale name. This is also called the “Ecclesiastical” name or “Church Modes”, from which we have obtained our modern scale names.
(G) Greek mode.
(B) Babylonian scale name, based on tuning instructions from ancient Mesopotamia found on a set of cuneiform tablets know as the tuning texts (assuming the “string 1 highest” interpretation that is accepted by most Archaeomusicologists). See Flutes of Gilgamesh and Ancient Mespoptamia.

In addition, all the other scale names shown in the Scala software ([Coul 2010] ) are shown, as well as other namings for the scale that I have encountered. The scale steps for each scale are also shown, along with the intervals from the root (for example: “3” means a major third and “b3” means a minor third; “#4” means an augmented fourth). A well-known song that uses the scale is also shown.

Since these scales have seven notes within the octave the fingering for the octave note on six-hole flutes is shown as (a better fingering might be or something in between (i.e. with the top hole partically open or slightly open (“cracked”)).

Diatonic Flute Tunings
Tuning	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Aug. Fourth	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave	Notes
Tuning	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Dim. Fifth¹	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave	Notes
(M) Ionian, Hypolydian; (G) Lydian; (B) embūbum (literally “reed pipe”); (Scala) Major, Bilaval That, Mela Shankarabharanam, Ghana Heptatonic, Peruvian Major, 4^th plagal Byzantine, Ararai: Ethiopia, Makam Cargah, Ajam Ashiran, Dastgah-e Mahur, Dastgah-e Rast Panjgah, Xin: China, DS2; Diatonic Major Scale steps: 2-2-1-2-2-2-1; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; Piano white keys starting from C; “Do-Re-Mi” aka “Doe a Deer” from The Sound of Music.
Six-hole Ionian
Seven-hole Ionian
(M) Aeolian, Hypodorian; (G) Aeolian, Hypodorian, Hyperphrygian; (B) nīš tuḫri / nīš gabrîm; (Scala) Natural Minor, Asavari That, Mela Natabhairavi, Raga Jaunpuri, Adana, Dhanyasi, Jingla, Gregorian nr.2, Makam Buselik, Nihavend, Peruvian Minor, Se, Chiao: China, Geez, Ezel: Ethiopia, Kiourdi descending: Greece Scale steps: 2-1-2-2-1-2-2; 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 8; Piano white keys starting from A;
Six-hole Aeolian
Seven-hole Aeolian
(M) Dorian, Hypomixolydian; (G) Phrygian; (B) nīd qablim; (Scala) Kafi That, Mela Kharaharapriya, Raga Bageshri, Bhimpalasi, Nayaki Kanada, Sriraga, Ritigaula, Huseni, Mischung 5, Gregorian nr. 8, Eskimo Heptatonic, Yu: China, Hyojo, Oshikicho, Banshikicho: Japan; Russian Minor Scale steps: 2-1-2-2-2-1-2; 1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7 8; Piano white keys starting from D; Scarborough Fair, "Billie Jean" by Michael Jackson, "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" by Gordon Lightfoot, "Eleanor Rigby" by The Beatles
Six-hole Dorian
Seven-hole Dorian
(M) Mixolydian, Hypolydian; (G) Hypophrygian, Ionian, Iastian, Hypoionian; (B) pītum; (Scala) Khamaj That, Mela Harikambhoji, Raga Harini, Janjhuti, Khambhavati, Surati, Balahamsa, Devamanohari, Mischung 3, Gregorian nr. 7, Ching, Shang: China Scale steps: 2-2-1-2-2-1-2; 1 2 3 4 5 6 b7 8; Piano white keys starting from G;
Six-hole Mixolydian
Seven-hole Mixolydian
(M) Lydian; (G) Hypolydian; (B) kitmum; (Scala) Kalyan That (Yaman), Mela Mecakalyani, Raga Shuddh Kalyan, Ping, Kung, Gu: China Scale steps: 2-2-2-1-2-2-1; 1 2 3 #4 5 6 7 8; Piano white keys starting from F; The Simpsons Main Title Theme by Danny Elfman
Six-hole Lydian
Seven-hole Lydian
(M) Phrygian, Hypoaeolian; (G) Dorian, Hypoaeolian; (B) qablītum; (Scala) Bhairavi That, Mela Hanumatodi, Raga Asavari (Asaveri), Bilashkhani Todi, Ghanta, Makam Kurd, Gregorian nr.3, In, Zokuso: Japan, Ousak: Greece, Major inverse Scale steps: 1-2-2-2-1-2-2; 1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 8; Piano white keys starting from E;
Six-hole Phrygian
Seven-hole Phrygian
(M) Locrian, Hypophrygian; (G) Mixolydian, Hyperdorian; (B) išartum; (Scala) Pien chih: China, Makam Lami, Yishtabach: Jewish Scale steps: 1-2-2-1-2-2-2; 1 b2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 8; Piano white keys starting from B;
Six-hole Locrian
Seven-hole Locrian
	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Aug. Fourth	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave
	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Dim. Fifth¹	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave
	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C
	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db
	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D
	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb
	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E
	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F
	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb
	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G
	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab
	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A
	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb
	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B
	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C

Potential Tunings

These tunings are proposals, based on some of the interesting scales listed in the Scala software ([Coul 2010] ).

Note that two additional columns above the octave are shown, but fingerings are only indicated for these notes if they are in the first register (i.e. not overblown).

Potential Flute Tunings
Tuning	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Aug. Fourth	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave	Minor Ninth	Major Ninth	Details
Tuning	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Dim. Fifth¹	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave	Minor Ninth	Major Ninth	Details
Three-hole Ute Tritonic																Note that the hole spacing in these finger diagrams is not representative of how the actual finger holes would be laid out.
Five-hole Balinese Pelog																aka Madenda Modern, Phrygian Pentatonic, Raga Bhupalam, Bhupala Todi, Bibhas, Tezeta Minor: Ethiopia.
Six-hole Balinese Pelog
Five-hole Hirajoshi																aka Kata-kumoi, Yona Nuki Minor: Japan, Aeolian Pentatonic.
Six-hole Hirajoshi																aka Kata-kumoi, Yona Nuki Minor: Japan, Aeolian Pentatonic.
Five-hole Iwato
Six-hole Iwato
Five-hole Ryukyu																aka Raga Gambhiranata, Ionian Pentatonic, Pelog Degung Modern. In the six-hole version, the fingering produces four semitones above the octave note.
Six-hole Ryukyu
Six-hole Whole-tone																aka Messiaen mode 1, Raga Gopriya, Anhemitonic Hexatonic. I have heard of Native American flutes made with whole-tone scales, but I have not current reference to these instruments.
Six-hole Hawaiian
Six-hole Byzantine																aka Major Gypsy, Double Harmonic Major, Bhairav That, Mela Mayamalavagaula, Raga Paraj, Kalingada, Gaulipantu, Lalitapancamam, Byzantine Liturgical Chromatic, Hitzazkiar: Greece, Maqam Zengule, Hijaz Kar, Suzidil
Seven-hole Byzantine
Six-hole Nohkan																The Nohkan (能管?) is a high pitched, Japanese bamboo transverse flute, commonly used in traditional Imperial Noh and Kabuki theatre. The nohkan flute was created by Kan'ami and his son Zeami in the 15th century, for use in Noh theatre.
Seven-hole Nohkan
	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Aug. Fourth	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave	Minor Ninth	Major Ninth
	Fundamental	Minor Second	Major Second	Minor Third	Major Third	Perfect Fourth	Dim. Fifth¹	Perfect Fifth	Minor Sixth	Major Sixth	Minor Seventh	Major Seventh	Octave	Minor Ninth	Major Ninth
	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D
	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb
	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E
	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F
	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb
	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G
	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab
	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A
	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb
	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B
	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C
	B	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db
	C	C# Db	D	D# Eb	E	F	F# Gb	G	G# Ab	A	A# Bb	B	C	C# Db	D

Footnotes

¹ Augmented Fourth / Diminished Fifth, also called the “Flat Five” and the “Blue Note”.

² Information on High Spirits “Spirit Flutes” with alternate tunings courtesy of Frank Henninger.

³ Note that the primary scale for the Kiva Seven-hole begins on , with the fundamental of the flute sounding one semitone lower.

⁴ These scales are very unusual in that they are missing the interval of a perfect fifth.

⁵ Notes of these scales as listed in the Scala software ([Coul 2010] ).

To cite this page on Wikipedia: <ref name="Goss_2022_naf_tunings_map"> {{cite web |last=Goss |first=Clint |title=Native American Flute - Map of Native American Flute Tunings |url=http://www.Flutopedia.com/naf_tunings_map.htm |date=7 June 2022 |website=Flutopedia |access-date=<YOUR RETRIEVAL DATE> }}</ref>